How many electrons are in the valence shell of each atom? (a) ...

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How many electrons are in the valence shell of each atom?
  (a) Carbon
  (b) Nitrogen
  (c) Chlorine
  (d) Aluminum

Question 2

Define valence shell and valence electron

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Answer to Question 1

(a) Carbon
With a ground-state electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p² , there are four electrons in the valence shell of carbon.
(b) Nitrogen
With a ground-state electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p³ , there are five electrons in the valence shell of nitrogen.
(c) Chlorine
With a ground-state electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵ , there are seven electrons in the valence shell of chlorine.

(d) Aluminum
With a ground-state electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹ , there are three electrons in the valence shell of aluminum.
Lewis Structures and Formal Charge

Answer to Question 2

The valence shell is the outermost occupied shell of an atom. A valence electron is an electron in the valence shell.

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