Answer to Question 1
WHITE HAT HACKERS A person, who identifies weaknesses in a computer system or network but, instead of taking advantage of it, exposes the weakness to the system's owners and recommends a fix before it can be taken advantage of by others. Many major corporations employ people with such skills to help keep their systems secure.
BLACK HAT HACKERS In contrast to white hat, black hat hackers break into systems (e.g. networks, web sites, etc.) with malicious intent to steal, damage, or deface it. They are sometimes referred to as crackers, a term coined by the hacker community to separate themselves from the white hats.
GRAY HAT HACKERS Are those who are on both sides of the hacking fence. A gray hat hacker discovers and supplies information about network security issues and weaknesses to the network administrators and also to black hat hackers to exploit the systems. Some gray hat hackers may work in conjunction with the black hat hackers and benefit monetarily from any illicit gains.
Answer to Question 2
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A Black cat under the snow.
Pacific Black Duck (Anas superciliosa)
An illustration of the helium atom, depicting the nucleus (pink) and the electron cloud distribution
White alligator
Buffy Helmetcrest and White-bearded Helmetcrest
Structure of a Kerr (Rotating) Black Hole