Answer to Question 1
THE USA PATRIOT Act was authorized after the 9/11 attacks and addressed not only terrorism and intelligence issues but also focused on more traditional money laundering, computer abuse and crime, immigration processes, and fraud. However, the most substantial part of the act is that it expanded traditional tools of surveillance used by law enforcement and intelligence agencies with significantly reduced checks and balances. With the PATRIOT Act law enforcement and intelligence agencies can now easily monitor Web surfing and communication of individuals using the Internet, conduct nation-wide roving wiretaps, and can force Internet Service Providers to voluntarily hand over information on customer profiles and Web-Surfing habits without a warrant or court order. The reauthorization in 2006 maintained the roving wiretaps but added greater oversights like judicial review and approval by the Director of the FBI or NSA. Electronic monitoring of electronic communications through a library was kept, but library records were removed. Sneak and peek searches were considered too extreme so a time limit was set, but lone wolf surveillance was increased. The definition of terrorism was increased to include those receiving military-type training from a foreign terrorist organization, those engaging in narco-terrorism, and criminalizing the act of planning a terror attack against a mass transit system. The reauthorization of the PATRIOT Act of 2011 extended the access to business records and other tangible evidence. Lone wolf provisions were again expanded to include non-U.S. persons.
Answer to Question 2
Inspire