In late 2012, ________became the first state to initiate a ...

[javeds]

In late 2012, ________became the first state to initiate a ballistics database that allows investigators to match shell casings with a national database.
 
  a. Louisiana
  b. Virginia
  c. New York
  d. California
  e. None of the above

Question 2

What are the three basic models used in the states to decide whether and which public sector employees will have collective bargaining rights? How does each of these models operate?
 
  What will be an ideal response

[Missbam101]

Answer to Question 1

a

Answer to Question 2

There are three basic models used in the states: binding arbitration, meet and confer, and bargaining-not-required. The binding arbitration model is used in 24 states and the District of Columbia . Public employees are given the right to bargain with their employers. If the bargaining reaches an impasse, the matter is submitted to a neutral arbitrator, who decides what the terms and conditions of the new collective bargaining agreement will be. Only three states use the meet-and-confer model, which grants very few rights to public employees. As with the binding arbitration model, criminal justice employees in meet-and-confer states have the right to organize and to select their own bargaining representatives. The 22 states that follow the bargaining-not-required model either do not statutorily require or do not allow collective bargaining by public employees. Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage of any State or Territory, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or any other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress. This legislation was intended to provide civil rights protection to all persons protected under the act when a defendant acted under color of law (misused power of office) and provided an avenue to the federal courts for relief of alleged civil rights violations.

[javeds]

Gracias!

[pratush dev]

Excellent