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The heart is located in the center of the chest, with part of it tipped slightly so that it taps against the left side of the chest.
An identified risk factor for osteoporosis is the intake of excessive amounts of vitamin A. Dietary intake of approximately double the recommended daily amount of vitamin A, by women, has been shown to reduce bone mineral density and increase the chances for hip fractures compared with women who consumed the recommended daily amount (or less) of vitamin A.
Increased intake of vitamin D has been shown to reduce fractures up to 25% in older people.
People with high total cholesterol have about two times the risk for heart disease as people with ideal levels.
Disorders that may affect pharmacodynamics include genetic mutations, malnutrition, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, and certain forms of insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus.