Answer to Question 1
Directors should consider practical constraints, such as budget and the availability of performance rights for a particular play. A director may want to select a script that accommodates a particular actor or theatrical space. The director should also consider intended audience; directors may think about the needs of their particular community, considering what might provide enjoyment or illuminate issues of concern. On the other hand, a director may want something daring to challenge prevalent tastes and lead the community toward new visions of the theatre and its possibilities. Directors may also consider their own particular talents and abilities, choosing a style of play that serves their strengths.
Answer to Question 2
The idea of the director, as we know it today, began to take shape in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in Europe. An increasing interest in natural behavior and in scientific precision resulted in a growing dissatisfaction with artificial acting style and the lack of a coherent approach to performance. As the plays of Emile Zola, Henrik Ibsen, August Strindberg, and Anton Chekhov begin to examine the social and biological forces that determine human interaction, the generic settings of the past were now insufficient for understanding characters within their own dramatic worlds and theatre practitioners saw the need to create specific environments for particular plays and the need for an artistic eyea director to unify the stage elements with the play text.
The main avenue to the upward social mobility reviewed in the text has been higher education.
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