Answer to Question 1
C
Answer to Question 2
According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, a dream represents the brain's effort to make sense of sparse and distorted information. Dreams begin with periodic bursts of spontaneous activity in the ponsthe PGO wavesthat activate some parts of the cortex but not others. The cortex combines this haphazard input with whatever other activity was already occurring and does its best to synthesize a story that makes sense of the information.
An alternative view of dreams has been labeled the clinico-anatomical hypothesis because it was derived from clinical studies of patients with various kinds of brain damage. Like the activation-synthesis theory, this theory emphasizes that dreams begin with arousing stimuli that are generated within the brain combined with recent memories and any information the brain is receiving from the senses. However, the clinico-anatomical hypothesis puts less emphasis on the pons, PGO waves, or REM sleep. It regards dreams as thinking that takes place under unusual conditions.
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