Answer to Question 1
There are at least three arguments against making the promotion and enforcement of
human rights a responsibility of the global community. Realists reject promoting
human rights because, as former Executive Director of Amnesty International William
Shulz explains, they regard the pursuit of rights as an unnecessary, sometimes even a
dangerous extravagance, often at odds with the national interest.. Statists or legalists
reject protecting human rights in other states because it represents an unwarranted
intrusion into the domestic affairs of others and an infringement upon state
sovereignty. Relativists or pluralists view human rights promotion as a form of moral
imperialism.
Answer to Question 2
Indigenous peoples are representative of one type of ethnic and cultural group that
were once native to a geographic location. In most cases indigenous peoples were at
one time politically sovereign and economically self-sufficient. Today, largely without a
homeland or self-rule, an estimated 370 million indigenous peoples are living in more
than 90 countries worldwide, each of which has a unique language and culture and
strong, often spiritual, ties to an ancestral homeland. Many indigenous peoples feel
persecuted because their livelihoods, lands, and cultures are threatened. The Turkish
mass killing of Armenians, Hilter's slaughter of Jews (and other groups), the Khmer
Rouge slaughter of Cambodians, and the Hutu slaughter of the Tutsi of Rwanda all
exemplify the atrocities committed during the twentieth century.
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