Answer to Question 1
ANSWER: The adult who works with young children must be knowledgeable about the implications
of cultural factors, such as nonstandard dialect, the childs first language not being English, and socioeconomic status in viewing the language development of the young child. African American English (AAE) or Ebonics has been of some concern as to whether it is a variation of standard speech or some sort of slang. Those who have studied AAE find it is an Africanization of American English. As the U.S. school population becomes more diverse English Language Learners (ELL) are of more concern. By 2025, it is expected that more than half of the K-12 school population will be members of many diverse groups with many different primary languages. Most recently four approaches to second language learning, have been used in order to teach English and preserve the primary language: complete immersion, partial immersion, twoway immersion, and dual language immersion. Being bilingual supports academic success. Lower Socioeconomic Status is related to poor language development. Mixing low SES students in classes with middle and upper-middle class students can improve the low SES students language proficiency.
Answer to Question 2
ANSWER: Answers will vary. Build a case for language development during dramatic play. For example, talk during play provides a rich source of information on childrens language use dramatic play is a vehicle through which children learn to develop stories skills learned during dramatic play transfer to other situations children practice how to carry on a conversation and develop listening skills there are opportunities to use planning skills during dramatic play, and so on.
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Literacy Development in the Early Years: Helping Children Read and Write