The evidence that testosterone affects the aggressive behavior of humans is inconsistent. The text suggests that this inconsistency may be attributable to the fact that
A) hormones may have less effect on human aggression than they do on aggression in other species.
B) the tests that have been used to study testosterone and aggression in humans are markedly different from those used in other species.
C) testosterone can be synthesized and act locally in particular brain structures, but studies of testosterone and human aggression have been based on general blood levels of testosterone.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Question 2
Correlations between aggressive behavior and testosterone levels do not necessarily mean that high testosterone levels cause aggressive behavior because
A) social aggression occurs only in males.
B) the effects of estradial cannot be ruled out.
C) aggressive encounters often cause increases in testosterone levels.
D) humans and rats differ in their sex hormones.
E) aggressive behavior is controlled by the amygdala.
Hierarchy of evidence
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