Answer to Question 1
ANSWER: emotional competence and empathy (including both the ability to control ones own emotions and the ability to read others emotions); parental responsiveness and secure attachment; parent value for prosocial behavior, along with parental warmth; authoritative parents who use victim-centered induction; praise as reinforcement; practice engaging in prosocial behavior
Answer to Question 2
ANSWER: Adults sometimes train children to inhibit their natural prosocial impulses, such as telling them it is the teachers job to take care of distressed classmates, not theirs; children view many antisocial models both live in their daily life and in the media; children increase in their ability to self-regulate so that they do not impulsively respond to others distress; children become more aware of the costs of prosocial behavior and learn to protect their self-interests better