Answer to Question 1
1.letter-shape knowledge or letter recognition
2.letter-name knowledge
3.letter-sound knowledge
4.letter-writing ability
This requires
1.distinguishing visual features, shape, orientation, directionality, and key features.
2.understanding alphabet letters are symbols, each with a name in both upper and lower case.
3.knowing an alphabet letter has a different sound, and sometimes multiple sounds.
4.actually forming a close replica.
Answer to Question 2
That one begins in the left-hand corner of the page when reading it; one reads a line from left to right; at the end of a line one returns to the far left of the line that has been read to go on; pages are numbered; a book often starts on page 1; there is a difference between letter, word, and sentence; there are spaces between words; small marks are called punctuation marks and they have different names and meanings; and there are big (uppercase) and small (lowercase) alphabet letters.
Measles. A photograph of a child stricken with measles, showing the tell-tale sign of the skin rash.
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Weber's Three Components Of Social Class
The different components of the IL-7 receptor.
South American Indigenous Woman and Child