Answer to Question 1
Answer: Feelings are distinct from the responses that accompany an emotion. The three components are behavioral, autonomic, and hormonal. Behavioral responses include motor movements, facial expressions, posture, and tone of voice. Autonomic responses include specific changes in the sympathetic ns that provide energy for responding. Hormonal responses that reinforce the autonomic responses include release of norepinephrine and epinephrine as well as glucocorticoids.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Stimuli that convey threat activate the central nucleus (CE) of the amygdala. Electrical stimulation of the CE induces signs of fear and anxiety and can induce ulcers. Damage to the CE diminishes the behavioral and hormonal responses to fear stimuli. The CE appears to integrate the behavioral, autonomic, and hormonal components of fear.