Which of the following is true regarding the James Lange Theory of emotion?
a) Conscious experiences of emotional states are driven physiological responses.
b) Physiological responses of emotional states are driven by conscious experiences.
c) Conscious experience and physiological responses occur simultaneously in reaction to stimuli, causing an emotional state.
d) It is impossible to differentiate between whether the cognitive or physiological response occurs first in an emotional state.
Question 2
Ohman and Mineka suggest that certain phobias (i.e. snakes) are common cross-culturally because
a) children develop these fears through similar cultural practices, stories and adult reactions.
b) humans contain evolved mechanisms to produce fear for dangerous stimuli that were important in evolutionary history.
c) all humans are born with an archetype that unconsciously reacts to certain stimuli.
d) none of these are correct.
Administration of abdominal thrusts (the Heimlich maneuver) to (A) a conscious victim and (B) an unc
The Systems in Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory
William James (1842‑1910).
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