Answer to Question 1
Answer: Pure word deafness (PWD) is a syndrome produced by damage to the left temporal lobe in which a person can hear but is unable to recognize/understand the words that are heard. A PWD patient can read and write and is able to recognize the emotional content of speech even if he or she cannot understand the meaning of the words. Damage to the posterior language area only produces poor speech comprehension and poor speech production. Damage to Wernicke's area and to the posterior language area produces an aphasia syndrome that includes poor speech comprehension, poor repetition, and the production of fluentbut meaninglessspeech. In short, Wernicke's syndrome is a combination of the two syndromes.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: A person with Broca's aphasia has difficulty in speech articulation, word choice
(anomia), and using grammar. Such a person is able to comprehend speech better than he or she can produce speech. In contrast, Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by fluent speech that is meaningless, and this form of aphasia, unlike Broca's, is characterized by poor speech comprehension. Moreover, a person with Wernicke's aphasia seems unaware of his or her speech deficits. Broca's aphasia is produced by damage to tissue in and around Broca's area, whereas Wernicke's is produced by damage to the superior temporal lobe of the left hemisphere.
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Cranial nerves and their target regions. (Sensory nerves are shown in blue; motor nerves, in red.)