Human kidneys will clean about 1 million gallons of blood in an average lifetime.
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In most cases, kidneys can recover from almost complete loss of function, such as in acute kidney (renal) failure.
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There are over 65,000 known species of protozoa. About 10,000 species are parasitic.
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Lower drug doses for elderly patients should be used first, with titrations of the dose as tolerated to prevent unwanted drug-related pharmacodynamic effects.
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In 1886, William Bates reported on the discovery of a substance produced by the adrenal gland that turned out to be epinephrine (adrenaline). In 1904, this drug was first artificially synthesized by Friedrich Stolz.