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Bacteria have flourished on the earth for over three billion years. They were the first life forms on the planet.
The most common treatment options for addiction include psychotherapy, support groups, and individual counseling.
Approximately 15–25% of recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage. However, many miscarriages often occur before a woman even knows she is pregnant.
By definition, when a medication is administered intravenously, its bioavailability is 100%.
There are major differences in the metabolism of morphine and the illegal drug heroin. Morphine mostly produces its CNS effects through m-receptors, and at k- and d-receptors. Heroin has a slight affinity for opiate receptors. Most of its actions are due to metabolism to active metabolites (6-acetylmorphine, morphine, and morphine-6-glucuronide).