The patient has prior transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and also carcinoma in situ. Surveillance cystoscopy demonstrated erythema of the bladder wall. He is being admitted for cystoscopy, bladder biopsy, and fulguration now. In the operating room a cystoscope was inserted. The urethra was normal. The prostate showed evidence of prior TURP. There were erythematosus areas throughout the bladder, and a 0.5 cm lesion was fulgurated. The erythematosus areas were biopsied with flexible biopsy forceps. The area was then fulgurated with electrode. On reinspection, everything appeared within normal limits with no areas of bleeding. At the end of the procedure the patient's vital signs were normal.
Code(s): __________
A New Heart Cell
Plant Cell
cell
The cell membrane.
Tumor suppressor genes act like a brake on cell function