Fossil and genetic evidence strongly supports the idea that modern humans
◦ all derive from a single African lineage that spread from there into other parts of the world starting about 50,000 years ago.
◦ derive from an African lineage but also have genes derived from mixing with several Eurasian descendants of Homo erectus.
◦ derive from Neanderthals that independently evolved the features of modern humans in Europe and Africa.
◦ independently arose from three different ancestral Homo species in Africa and Eurasia.