After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
Many amphibians (including many frogs, toads, and salamanders) spend the early part of their lives in water but live on land as adults. The adults of many species return to water to breed and lay their eggs. Frogs have small lungs and supplement their oxygen intake by breathing through the skin. Although large frogs have more total surface area than smaller frogs, the larger frogs have a lower surface area/volume ratio (less skin surface relative to their total body volume). To keep their respiratory surfaces moist, frogs are generally found in wet or very moist locations.
In an experiment designed to investigate oxygen consumption in relation to body size, frogs from five different species were weighed and placed in a respirometer (a machine that measures oxygen consumption) for 1 hour. The table shows the results of the experiment.
If you could alter the shape of a frog so that it was long and thin instead of compact, the frog's oxygen transfer efficiency would
◦ increase, because the frog would have more surface area in relation to body volume.
◦ increase, because the frog would be larger.
◦ decrease, because there would be more skin area to keep moist.
◦ not change at all, because the body volume would remain constant.
(a) The Dmanisi cranium (right) shows similarities to early African H. erectus including the Narioko
Answer
These monolithic figures from Easter Island suggest the contemplative nature of philosophy, which ca
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