After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
Formaldehyde is a simple organic molecule with important industrial uses; however it is a known carcinogen (cancer-causing compound). Researchers have long known that formaldehyde is present in cigarette smoke, but it was only recently in 2014 that researchers determined that formaldehyde is also present in e-cigarette vapor. For this and other reasons, the U.S. FDA is now overseeing production and distribution of e-cigarettes.
The data below are compiled from several studies examining the levels of formaldehyde in cigarette smoke and low- and high-voltage e-cigarette vapor (increasing the voltage of an e-cigarette allows for increased nicotine intake). The data in bar A are from individuals consuming 20 cigarettes a day. The data in bar B are from individuals consuming 3 mL of e-cigarette fluid a day when the e-cigarette is set to low voltage (n.d. = not detectable). The data in bar C are from individuals consuming 3 mL of e-cigarette fluid a day when the e-cigarette is set to high voltage.
What can you conclude from these data?
◦ The researchers did not conduct any studies with low-voltage e-cigarettes.
◦ Smoking cigarettes results in the highest daily intake of formaldehyde.
◦ High-voltage e-cigarettes yield the highest daily amount of formaldehyde.
◦ E-cigarettes cause cancer.
Prokaryotic cells are have a relatively simple structure
Anatomy and Physiology questions
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Which of the 3 structures shown below has the shortest bond length? Justify your answer.
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