After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The following figure shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
What part of the diagram represents ventricular diastole?
◦ point B
◦ point C
◦ the line between points C and D
◦ the line between points A and B
Kidney function
The cardiac conduction system.
Passive stretching enhances joint function.
Events of the cardiac cycle
Sketch a graph of the function h(x), by hand on the following interval:
Intraaortic balloon pump. The balloon deflates during systole, so cardiac output is unimpeded.