An infant cries often, is not easily consoled, and is fearful around strangers. Her parents explain that they have tried very hard to nurture and calm their infant and have shown her warmth and attention, but their efforts have not paid off. They are afraid that their infant is not securely attached. How would a researcher characterize this situation?
◦ The infant is displaying classic signs of insecure attachment. Unfortunately, attachment is very constant across the lifespan, so it will be difficult for the parents to do anything to change their infant's behavior.
◦ The infant appears to have a difficult temperament. The parents should enroll in an intervention in order to help their infant learn emotional regulation and overcome this temperament.
◦ The infant appears to have a difficult temperament. Temperaments are relatively constant across the lifespan, and the infant will likely continue to be fussy for some time. However, the parents appear to have been attentive and caring, and infants of all temperaments are just as likely to show secure attachment.
◦ The infant is displaying classic signs of insecure attachment. However, if the parents take part in an attachment intervention, they will likely be able to form a more secure attachment with their infant.
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