A group of children are playing marbles in a classroom. The teacher notices that when the children play with just a few marbles, they count to see who has won, but when they play with more marbles, they guess who has won based on the size of the pile. This game occasionally leads to disagreements. How could the teacher best guide these students?
◦ The teacher should introduce a less competitive game to the children since, at the concrete operational stage, they are not quite ready to handle a game of this nature.
◦ The teacher should encourage the children to use estimation regardless of whether they are playing with few or many marbles, so that they become better at estimating.
◦ The teacher should encourage the children to count the marbles regardless of whether they are playing with few or many marbles, since estimation is not a helpful way to assess large or small numbers.
◦ The teacher should praise the children for practicing their estimation, since it is an important skill, but suggest that they also count the marbles when they are in disagreement.
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