Answer 1
Answer: D
Answer 2
Answer: The ideal answer should include:
a. All four acknowledged the existence of a supreme being that had created the universe.
b. Jonathan Edwards portrayed God as all-powerful force who saved the faithful and reformed sinners.
c. Benjamin Franklin was a deist, so although he believed in a supreme being, he did not think this supreme being intervened in human life.
d. Cotton Mather believed that religion had a place in politics.
e. Cotton Mathers endorsement of the use of spectral evidence in the Salem witch trials indicates the close relationship between the religious and the supernatural in colonial America.
f. George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards believed that religion should appeal to peoples emotions.
Answer 3
Answer: The ideal answer should include:
a. The colder climate in New England spared the northern colonies many of the infectious diseases that afflicted the southern colonies.
b. As a result, people in the northern colonies lived longer than people in the southern colonies did.
c. Subsistence farming characterized agriculture in the northern colonies, resulting in small family farms.
d. Commercial farming was the norm in the southern colonies, resulting in large farms worked on by indentured or slave labor.
e. Family life was more unstable in the southern colonies due to high mortality rates and the practice of slavery.
Answer 4
Answer: The ideal answer should include:
a. In 1689, most American colonists identified themselves as English.
b. Many had recently immigrated to America and/or maintained family ties in England.
c. They sought to re-create the English way of life in the colonies.
d. This is reflected in such things as language, architectural styles, cuisine, and place names.
e. In 1763, many of the colonists had been born in America.
f. The world and problems they faced were very different from what their counterparts in England confronted.
g. There was a growing sense among American colonists (such as Benjamin Franklin) that they were not treated as the equals of the English.
h. Britains return of Louisbourg to France in exchange for Madras created resentment among the American colonists.
Winter distribution of the American crow, Corvus brachyrynchos.
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