Question 1
What is one reason that cotton cultivation spread westward across the Black Belt that ran from Alabama to east Texas after 1820?
A) Cotton depleted the soil of nutrients, so growers needed fresh land.
B) Cotton cultivation required much labor, and the western slave trade was thriving.
C) An economic boom was taking place in western cities located on the Black Belt.
D) Canals had reached westward to the new plantations located throughout the Black Belt.
Question 2
Why did many of the Irish immigrants in the Workingmen's Benevolent Association (WBA) form the more secretive organization known as the Molly Maguires?
A) to negotiate independently with the owners of the coal mines where they worked
B) to organize strikes which the WBA opposed
C) to seek violent retribution against the foremen and managers of the coal mines
D) to form a union where Irish immigrants would be welcomed
Question 3
Given that wealthy white Southerners enjoyed such entertainment as jousting and settled matters of honor with dueling, what seems to have been one major difference between Southern and Northern cultures?
A) Southerners enjoyed much leisure time, as Northerners were focusing more of their efforts on
work.
B) The South was a violent place, whereas the North was not.
C) The South was dominated by an elite class, whereas there was a greater sense of
egalitarianism between classes in the North.
D) As industrialization progressed in the North, Southerners were turning toward the past.
Question 4
The 1877 execution of ten alleged Molly Maguires in Pennsylvania was staged as a carefully planned public spectacle and included a priest in order to emphasize the men's __________.
A) dignity and Irish Catholicism
B) innocence and immigrant backgrounds
C) violence and lawlessness
D) guilt and sinfulness
Question 5
The view of the South portrayed by Northern abolitionists in the illustration Southern Violence implied that the situations shown in this image, such as lynching, dueling, blood sports, and whipping, were connected to the __________.
A) code of honor among Southern gentlemen
B) brutality of slavery
C) consequences of living in a hot-weather environment
D) greed associated with a cash crop economy