Answer 1
Answer: Congress's plan for Reconstruction divided the South into five military districts and set up certain conditions that the southern states had to meet, including granting suffrage to blacks, before a state could be readmitted to the Union. Congress hoped through this plan to punish the South, aid the blacks, and, through passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, ensure the continued control of the national government by the Republican party.
Answer 2
Answer: Many Union soldiers, like many northerners in general, tended to view blacks as inferior. They often sympathized with whites in disputes between southern whites and blacks. This attitude was clearly displayed in the reluctance with which Union soldiers intervened to protect black lives and property during the Memphis race riot in May 1866.
Answer 3
Answer: President Johnson proposed a lenient plan for Reconstruction of the southern state governments, designed to remove the planter aristocrats from political power while favoring the small farmer groups. Congress, reflecting northern public opinion, wanted a harsher reconstruction that would punish the South for causing the war, help maintain the Republican party in power, and aid the blacks. After the overwhelming victory of the Republicans in the election of 1866, Congress imposed its policies through passage of the Reconstruction Acts of 1867.
Answer 4
Answer: The basic reaction of southern whites to the emancipation of blacks was one of fear and a desire to impose as many controls and restrictions on black freedom as possible. In particular, southern whites feared black revenge for their mistreatment during slavery, especially in the form of rape and other forms of violence. In an attempt to preclude these things, southern white governments passed a series of Black Codes to regulate and control black activities.
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