Answer to Question 1
Children with conduct problems rarely consider the future consequences of their behavior or its impact on others. They fail to inhibit their impulsive behavior, keep social values or future rewards in mind, or adapt their actions to changing circumstances. This pattern suggests deficits in executive functions similar to those of children with ADHD (Raine et al., 2005). Because ODD/CD and ADHD frequently co-occur, the observed deficits in executive functions in these children could be due to the presence of co-occurring ADHD (Pennington & Ozonoff, 1996).
Answer to Question 2
Those with childhood-onset conduct disorder display at least one symptom of the disorder before age 10, whereas those with adolescent-onset conduct disorder do not. Increasing evidence points to the importance of age at onset in diagnosing and treating children with CD (Odgers et al., 2008). Children diagnosed with childhood-onset CD are more likely to be boys, show more aggressive symptoms, account for a disproportionate amount of illegal activity, and persist in their antisocial behavior over time (Lahey, Goodman, et al., 1999). In contrast, youths diagnosed with adolescent-onset CD are as likely to be girls as boys and do not display the severity or psychopathology that characterizes the childhood onset group. They are also less likely to commit violent offenses or to persist in their antisocial behavior as they get older.
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