Answer to Question 1
The causes in the organic group have a clear biological basis and are usually associated with severe and profound intellectual disability, whereas causes in the culturalfamilial group have no clear organic basis and are usually associated with mild intellectual disability The relative importance of the environment also stands out in the two-group distinction. The socioeconomic background of the organic group is about the same as that for the general population, which fits with the notion that severe forms of intellectual disability can affect anyone, regardless of SES. The familial group is overrepresented by those of lower SES and social disadvantage and is significantly related to a family history of intellectual disability. This fits with the assertion that an impoverished social environment can influence intellectual growth and ability in subtle, yet crucial, ways.
Answer to Question 2
The diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) requires the presence of behavioral disturbance that is inappropriate for an individual's developmental level. Attention spans, distractibility, and on-task behaviors vary considerably among individuals with profound intellectual disability. An individual with profound intellectual disability must be compared with other children with profound intellectual disability for the purpose of diagnosing any other psychiatric disturbance.
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