A task involves positioning two metal parts with a rubber gasket sandwiched between them, inserting two bolts into predrilled holes, threading a nut onto each bolt, and tightening each bolt with a pneumatic wrench. In a preliminary study, the manager observed one of his workers perform this task five times. The observations were made in an air-conditioned, well-lighted training facility, at ground level, with all tools and equipment clean and readily available.
| Observation: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Task time (seconds): | 50 | 54 | 60 | 145 | 56 |
a. What is the average observed time for this task?
b. What is the normal time for this task if the employee worked at a 10% slower pace than is typical for adequately trained workers?
c. What is standard time for this task if allowances are 8% constant and 6% variable?
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