Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain.
Vitamin D is important for the metabolism of calcium and exposure to sunshine is an important source of vitamin D. A researcher wanted to determine whether osteoperosis was associated with a lack of exposure to sunshine. He selected a sample of 250 women with osteoperosis and an equal number of women without osteoperosis. The two groups were matched - in other words they were similar in terms of age, diet, occupation, and exercise levels. Histories on exposure to sunshine over the previous twenty years were obtained for all women. The total number of hours that each woman had been exposed to sunshine in the previous twenty years was estimated. The amount of exposure to sunshine was compared for the two groups.
◦ cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time.
◦ cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.
◦ retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time
A radiator may be either a down-flow or a cross-flow type.
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