Four different leadership styles (A, B, C, and D) used by Big-Six accountants were investigated. As part of a designed study, 15 accountants were randomly selected from each of the four leadership style groups (a total of 60 accountants). Each accountant was asked to rate the degree to which their subordinates performed substandard field work on a 10-point scale -- called the "substandard work scale". The objective is to compare the mean substandard work scales of the four leadership styles. The data on substandard work scales for all 60 observations were subjected to an analysis of variance. Interpret the results of the ANOVA test shown on the printout for α = 0.05.
ONE-WAY ANOVA FOR SUBSTAND BY STYLE
◦ At α = 0.05, there is sufficient evidence of differences among the substandard work scale means for the four leadership styles.
◦ At α =0.05, nothing can be said.
◦ At α = 0.05, there is no evidence of interaction.
◦ At α =0.05, there is insufficient evidence of differences among the substandard work scale means for the four leadership styles.
Elle and associates investigated the cost to Datura wrightii of producing sticky leaf trichomes.
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Leadership is not about size, it's about knowledge and wisdom