Answer to Question 1
One risk factor leads to another
Difficult/vulnerable child experiences dysfunctional parenting that leads to disruptions in development (socialization); poor socialization leads to dysfunctional relationships both at home and in other environments
Progression from adverse environment, to harsh parenting, to poor school readiness, to conduct problems, to school failure, to poor parent supervision, to deviant peer relationships, to adolescence violence
Answer to Question 2
D