In data analysis and interpretation, prediction can be used to mean that one variable
a) Is statistically associated with another, whether or not it actually comes before (really predicts) another
b) Is a moderator for another variable
c) Is statistically significant and produces a strong magnitude of effect (effect size)
d) May play a causal role in the outcome or other variable
Question 2
In interpretation of the data, the term highly significant effect is a misnomer because
a) Significance testing is all or none.
b) It only applies in certain cases.
c) It is a vague reference to effect size.
d) Highly significant should be termed very significant.
Nitrogen fluxes in Sycamore Creek, Arizona (data from Grimm 1988).
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