Thermohaline circulation is ________.
◦ deep circulation of water driven entirely by cold, saline water descending to the ocean floor at the poles and flowing along the bottom of the ocean
◦ deep circulation of water driven by a combination of cold temperature and high density related to high salinity from formation of sea ice, producing descending high density waters that flow southward to equatorial regions
◦ shallow circulation at low latitudes driven by surface evaporation making seawater more dense, which then sinks and drives upwelling
◦ the circulation that occurs in shallow, evaporate basins when salt begins to crystallize, releasing heat by latent heat of fusion and heating the water mass, forcing shallow convection in the water column
Walker circulation, El Niño, and La Niña.
Temperature gradient generates a global pattern of circulation
Systemic Circulation
Systemic Circulation
Systemic Circulation
Systemic Circulation