Question 1
What is the probability of flipping a penny and a nickel and obtaining one head and one tail?
Question 2
Among dogs, short hair is dominant to long hair and dark coat color is dominant to white (albino) coat color. Assume that these two coat traits are caused by independently segregating gene pairs. For each of the crosses given below, write the most probable genotype (or genotypes if more than one answer is possible) for the parents. It is important that you select a realistic symbol set and define each symbol below.
| Parental Phenotypes | Phenotypes of Offspring |
| (a) | dark, short × dark, long | 26 | 24 | 0 | 0 |
| (b) | albino, short × albino, short | 0 | 0 | 102 | 33 |
| (c) | dark, short × albino, short | 16 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| (d) | dark, short × dark, short | 175 | 67 | 61 | 21 |
Assume that for cross (d), you were interested in determining whether fur color follows a 3:1 ratio. Set up (but do not complete the calculations) a Chi-square test for these data [fur color in cross (d)].
White variant of Fallow Deer, in Beijing Zoo
White Lion cub at Kromdraai, South Africa
Feral Chocolate/White Muscovy Duck hen at Lake Union, Seattle
Female scorpion Compsobuthus werneri carrying its young (white)
Incomplete dominance shown in the flower color of snapdragons