The following diagram shows a perfectly competitive industry for eggs. The egg producers then get together and set up a marketing agency which becomes the monopoly seller of eggs. The agency sets the profit-maximising price and gives each producer an output quota to ensure that total output is kept to the profit-maximising level.

Assuming that industry costs are NOT affected, the consumer will
◦ gain because price falls from
P3 to
P2.
◦ lose because price rises from
P1 to
P2.
◦ lose because price rises from
P2 to
P3.
◦ gain because price falls from
P2 to
P1.