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Author Question: According to Skinner, when is a stimulus considered to be a reinforcer? (Read 29 times) |
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Patients who cannot swallow may receive nutrition via a parenteral route—usually, a catheter is inserted through the chest into a large vein going into the heart.
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Disorders that may affect pharmacodynamics include genetic mutations, malnutrition, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, and certain forms of insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus.
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Bacteria have been found alive in a lake buried one half mile under ice in Antarctica.
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Urine turns bright yellow if larger than normal amounts of certain substances are consumed; one of these substances is asparagus.
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Long-term mental and physical effects from substance abuse include: paranoia, psychosis, immune deficiencies, and organ damage.