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The familiar sounds of your heart are made by the heart's valves as they open and close.
Most childhood vaccines are 90–99% effective in preventing disease. Side effects are rarely serious.
Bacteria have flourished on the earth for over three billion years. They were the first life forms on the planet.
Limit intake of red meat and dairy products made with whole milk. Choose skim milk, low-fat or fat-free dairy products. Limit fried food. Use healthy oils when cooking.
For about 100 years, scientists thought that peptic ulcers were caused by stress, spicy food, and alcohol. Later, researchers added stomach acid to the list of causes and began treating ulcers with antacids. Now it is known that peptic ulcers are predominantly caused by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that normally exist in the stomach.