Psychoanalytic theorists have proposed which of the following theories regarding the
etiology of elimination disorders?
a. They are outward expressions of childhood anxieties about sexual conflicts
between the children and their mothers.
b. They arise in situations of conflict between children and their parents. These
conflicts may be directly related to toilet training or may reflect other family
problems.
c. They result from inadequate or incomplete toilet training.
d. They are the result of a genetic predisposition combined with the experience of
stressful life events, such as a natural disaster or parental divorce.
e. a and b
Question 2
In studies of clinical samples, which of the following disorders are most commonly
comorbid with enuresis and encopresis:
a. Anxiety disorders
b. Mood disorders
c. Somatoform disorders
d. Pervasive developmental disorders
e. Disruptive behavior disorders
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