For each of the following activities, characteristics, and applications, identify whether they can be found in a centralized organization, a decentralized organization, or both types of organizations.
________ | a. | Freedom for managers at lower organizational levels to make decisions |
________ | b. | Gathering information may be very expensive |
________ | c. | Greater responsiveness to user needs |
________ | d. | Have few interdependencies among divisions |
________ | e. | Maximum constraints and minimum freedom for managers at lowest levels |
________ | f. | Maximization of benefits over costs |
________ | g. | Minimization of duplicate functions |
________ | h. | Minimum of suboptimization |
________ | i. | Multiple responsibility centers with various reporting units |