The administration of Midwest State University wants to know if the arrangement of chairs affects student participation in classrooms. They arrange the chairs in two different ways (theater style and circular) and then measure participation. In this study, __________ is the independent variable, and __________ is the dependent variable.
◦ student participation; arrangement of chairs
◦ arrangement of chairs: theater style or circular
◦ arrangement of chairs; student participation
◦ theater style or circular; arrangement of chairs