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Opium has influenced much of the world's most popular literature. The following authors were all opium users, of varying degrees: Lewis Carroll, Charles, Dickens, Arthur Conan Doyle, and Oscar Wilde.
Symptoms of kidney problems include a loss of appetite, back pain (which may be sudden and intense), chills, abdominal pain, fluid retention, nausea, the urge to urinate, vomiting, and fever.
In the United States, an estimated 50 million unnecessary antibiotics are prescribed for viral respiratory infections.
ACTH levels are normally highest in the early morning (between 6 and 8 A.M.) and lowest in the evening (between 6 and 11 P.M.). Therefore, a doctor who suspects abnormal levels looks for low ACTH in the morning and high ACTH in the evening.
For about 100 years, scientists thought that peptic ulcers were caused by stress, spicy food, and alcohol. Later, researchers added stomach acid to the list of causes and began treating ulcers with antacids. Now it is known that peptic ulcers are predominantly caused by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that normally exist in the stomach.
![Hemodialysis. The process of hemodialysis replaces the kidney function of blood filtration by forcin](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_26_10_12_5_21_06_9669398.jpeg)
![Retrograde pyelogram. A contrast medium is injected into the ureter using a cystoscope, and the X-ra](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_26_10_12_5_21_06_9671618.jpeg)