Question 1
Rank the following compounds in decreasing order (most to least) of reactivity towards a nucleophilic addition reaction.
◦ II > IV > V > III > I
◦ I > II > III > IV > V
◦ I > III > II > IV > V
◦ III > I > V > IV > II
◦ V > IV > II > III > I
Question 2
Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic addition reactions. Explain why.
◦ There is a steric effect in which the carbonyl group of the aldehyde produces a more sterically hindered transition state, but this is counteracted by an electronic effect because the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde is more electrophilic.
◦ There is a steric effect in which the carbonyl group of the aldehyde produces a more sterically hindered transition state and an electronic effect because the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde is more electrophilic.
◦ There is a steric effect in which the carbonyl group of the aldehyde produces a less sterically hindered transition state and an electronic effect because the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde is more electrophilic.
◦ There is a steric effect in which the carbonyl group of the aldehyde produces a less sterically hindered transition state, but this is counteracted by an electronic effect because the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde is more electrophilic.
◦ There is a steric effect in which the carbonyl group of the aldehyde produces a less sterically hindered transition state and an electronic effect because the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde is less electrophilic.
Participation of water in biological reactions
Initial velocities of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Draw and label a diagram and explain how a factor-dependent transcription (rho-dependent) terminator
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Vector addition
Nucleotides used in DNA sequencing reactions.