Question 1
Party eras are characterized by ______.
◦ short bursts of partisan activity that create gridlock in Congress
◦ a reduction in partisan bickering in government
◦ party stability in Congress and the White House
◦ party machines becoming dominant in politics
Question 2
Party machines and party bosses emerged and were strengthened by ______.
◦ Andrew Jackson
◦ Thomas Jefferson
◦ Benjamin Franklin
◦ James Madison