Answer to Question 1
Many young children with intellectual disability are not identified as such because it is difficult to obtain a reliable IQ score from people this age. Also, many adults who have IQs under 70 function adaptively, and therefore, they are not considered as having an intellectual disability.
Answer to Question 2
On average, the IQ scores of African Americans and Latino Americans are lower than those of Caucasians and Asian Americans, and the rates of intellectual disability are also higher in these former groups. Some of these differences have been attributed to bias in the composition of intelligence tests, which may be geared toward the majority group.
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Population age 65 and over and age 85 and over, selected years 1900-2008 and projected 2010-2050.