Question 1
An argument begs the question if and only if to accept at least one premise requires
◦ previous acceptance of another premise.
◦ previous acceptance of the argument's conclusion.
◦ observational evidence for that premise.
Question 2
An argument commits a fallacy of presumption if and only if
◦ it takes for granted some belief that is in fact debatable.
◦ it assumes that a premise is true when it is in fact false.
◦ it presumes that the conclusion is true when it is in fact false.