You are transporting a 73-year-old male patient to the ER after he began complaining of abdominal and lower back pain. He is a Foley catheter user. You take note that the urine in the collection bag is cloudy. You should have a high suspicion for ________.
◦ end-stage renal failure
◦ kidney stone
◦ urinary tract infection
◦ an inappropriately placed catheter