Under which of the following circumstances would a study of the effectiveness of different forms of psychotherapy have high internal validity?
a. The results are statistically significant.
b. The independent variable is confounded with other factors.
c. The findings can be generalized to other types of patients.
d. Patient improvement can be attributed to the psychotherapy and not to other factors.
Question 2
Which of the following is one of the three key elements of systematic desensitization?
a. progressive muscle relaxation
b. constructing a hierarchy of needs
c. operant conditioning in the presence of the object of fear
d. learning to relax while forgetting about the feared stimulus
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