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For about 100 years, scientists thought that peptic ulcers were caused by stress, spicy food, and alcohol. Later, researchers added stomach acid to the list of causes and began treating ulcers with antacids. Now it is known that peptic ulcers are predominantly caused by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that normally exist in the stomach.
More than 150,000 Americans killed by cardiovascular disease are younger than the age of 65 years.
In 1835 it was discovered that a disease of silkworms known as muscardine could be transferred from one silkworm to another, and was caused by a fungus.
As many as 28% of hospitalized patients requiring mechanical ventilators to help them breathe (for more than 48 hours) will develop ventilator-associated pneumonia. Current therapy involves intravenous antibiotics, but new antibiotics that can be inhaled (and more directly treat the infection) are being developed.
Egg cells are about the size of a grain of sand. They are formed inside of a female's ovaries before she is even born.
![A freshly applied autograft. Note that the donor skin has been perforated so that it can be stretche](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_16_09_12_6_01_25_8780531.jpeg)
![A cylinder head with four valves per cylinder, two intake valves (larger) and two exhaust valves ...](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/29/medium_548020_25_05_17_1_02_44_293127.png)